Archives

  • 2018-07
  • 2018-10
  • 2018-11
  • 2019-04
  • 2019-05
  • 2019-06
  • 2019-07
  • 2019-08
  • 2019-09
  • 2019-10
  • 2019-11
  • 2019-12
  • 2020-01
  • 2020-02
  • 2020-03
  • 2020-04
  • 2020-05
  • 2020-06
  • 2020-07
  • 2020-08
  • 2020-09
  • 2020-10
  • 2020-11
  • 2020-12
  • 2021-01
  • 2021-02
  • 2021-03
  • 2021-04
  • 2021-05
  • 2021-06
  • 2021-07
  • 2021-08
  • 2021-09
  • 2021-10
  • 2021-11
  • 2021-12
  • 2022-01
  • 2022-02
  • 2022-03
  • 2022-04
  • 2022-05
  • 2022-06
  • 2022-07
  • 2022-08
  • 2022-09
  • 2022-10
  • 2022-11
  • 2022-12
  • 2023-01
  • 2023-02
  • 2023-03
  • 2023-04
  • 2023-05
  • 2023-06
  • 2023-07
  • 2023-08
  • 2023-09
  • 2023-10
  • 2023-11
  • 2023-12
  • 2024-01
  • 2024-02
  • 2024-03
  • 2024-04

    • It is well known that recent immigrants to the

    2018-10-26

    It is well known that recent immigrants to the US have the most favorable health profile (Ullmann, Goldman, & Massey, 2011), while greater duration of residence is associated with poorer health and mortality outcomes (Creighton, Goldman, Pebley, & Chung, 2012). In addition, those immigrants who arrived at younger ages experience higher mortality risk than those who arrived at older ages regardless of duration of residence (Holmes et al., 2015). Our results confirm the distinct mortality experiences of US-born and foreign-born Hispanics, a pattern that exists for nearly every region-of-origin subgroup. We find advantages for each foreign-born subgroup over non-Hispanic whites at older ages for both men and women. Mexicans are the only US-born subgroup to demonstrate a consistent advantage over non-Hispanic whites at older ages for both men and women. The advantages are quite large for foreign-born Mexicans, Central/South Americans, and Dominicans, corresponding to adult life expectancy 8 years greater than that of non-Hispanic whites. Our results also demonstrate that comparisons of the mortality experience of individual Hispanic subgroups to non-Hispanic whites depends on age. The advantages for Mexicans and Puerto Ricans at older ages do not extend to younger-adult ages, and these groups experience a mortality disadvantage relative to whites between ages 25 and 64. This finding is unlikely to reflect exclusively differences across gtpase inhibitor cohorts, since more recent cohorts report better health than earlier cohorts (Hamilton et al., 2015). The disadvantage among adults aged 25–64 is mediated by socioeconomic disadvantage, primarily due to lower levels of education and higher rates of poverty in these populations. Similarly, the mortality advantage of many Hispanic subgroups would be even larger if they did not experience considerable socioeconomic disadvantage, a facet of the “weak Hispanic Paradox” (Hummer et al., 1999). The disadvantage for these subgroups at younger adult ages is partially due to external causes of death, which may reflect neighborhood conditions in high-poverty immigrant enclaves (Vega, Rodriguez, & Gruskin, 2009). Palloni and Arias (2004) found that the advantage for foreign-born Mexicans expanded substantially at older ages, which they interpreted as evidence for return migration of older individuals. Instead, this may reflect the greater impact of socioeconomic disadvantage on mortality risk among younger adults than older adults (Herd, 2006). While the results here confirm that the Hispanic Paradox is not a characteristic of all Hispanic subgroups, most foreign-born Hispanic subgroups gtpase inhibitor have an advantage over non-Hispanic whites. However, given the large number of Mexican-origin individuals among both US-born and foreign-born Hispanics, the consistent advantage for Mexicans makes a large contribution to the advantage of Hispanics when considered as a singular group (Fenelon, 2013; Lariscy et al., 2015). When data limitations preclude the analysis of detailed subgroups among Hispanics, researchers must be cognizant of the fact that the experience of the Mexican population drives much of the overall Hispanic mortality experience, and should convey that there is considerable variation among Hispanic subgroups.
    Conclusions The Hispanic mortality paradox is a theoretically significant finding for social science research in that it represents a case in which a lower-status group experiences better health outcomes than the higher-status majority. Expanding our knowledge of this process not only informs research on the health and mortality outcomes of Hispanics but also the nuances of the relationship between SES and health. As the Hispanic population has grown in the past several decades, it has also become more diverse, in terms of age, nativity, and country of origin. With this increase in diversity has come regional growth in Hispanic immigrant population across the United States, with new destinations emerging in places as far apart as Seattle and Atlanta. These trends have also led to increased interest in the health and mortality experience of Hispanic populations across the US. Many of the subgroups that exhibit the largest mortality advantages are also those that are growing the fastest (Fenelon & Blue, 2015), including Central Americans, South Americans, and Dominicans. This shift is combined with the aging of many Hispanic subgroups, whose mortality experience will become more relevant for the overall longevity of the US population in the coming decades.