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  • From Figure it appears that TdT has lost just the

    2020-08-07

    From Figure 1, it appears that TdT has lost just the 5′ phosphate binding site of pol mu and that its Loop1 is of the same length, but with a different sequence. Regarding Loop1 and its vexing property of escaping structural characterization in pol mu, we expect that the structure of the TdT chimera containing Loop1 of pol mu will inform us on its conformation and also allow, eventually, a comparison with the LigD polymerase that performs NHEJ in bacteria.
    References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the EG00229 of review, have been highlighted as:
    Acknowledgements
    Introduction Graphene-based nanocomposites possess functional properties that cannot be realized in conventional composites or other carbon nanocomposites [1], [2], [3]. Typical investigations of these materials are focused on developing novel devices for sensing [4], [5], [6], [7] and EMI shielding [8], due to their enhanced thermal and electrical conductivities [9], [10]. In particular, nanocomposites with flexible polymer matrix offer interesting solutions for applications where the adaptability to a particular shape is one of the functional requirements [11], [12], [13]. Radiation sensing is another potential application of graphene-based nanocomposites [4], [14], [15], especially if they can be integrated in wearable devices, allowing for their use by astronauts during extra vehicular activities (EVA) or by operators exposed to radiation-contaminated environments on Earth. Ultraviolet radiation is well-known to cause damage to materials [16], [17], [18] and biological systems [19], [20], and poses serious risks in all environments where radiations are EG00229 needed for technical applications (e.g. sterilization and surface modifications facilities) and, most significantly, in space environment [21], [22]. Exposure to UV radiation can generate important physical and chemical changes altering the original structure and properties of materials. In particular, the high energy UV-C band, with wavelengths shorter than 280 nm, is associated with one of the most damaging radiation exposure. One hour of UV-C irradiation at 254 nm can damage DNA strands [23], breaking chemical bonds in the nucleic acid sequence and creating new intramolecular bonds that change the DNA native structure [24], [25]. In general, graphene nanoplatelets have many useful features for the design of multifunctional composite materials, including excellent electrical and thermal conductivities, considerable weight-saving lightness, and high mechanical strength [26]. Moreover, they are characterized by a high specific surface area, which allows for several types of functionalization using both covalent and non-covalent approaches [27], [28]. However, the integration of graphene nanomaterials with a polymer matrix is not a trivial task, and the overall functional properties of the materials are highly affected by the amount and homogeneity of the filler dispersion [29], [30], [31].