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Because the V ATPase inhibitors that
2024-01-09
Because the V-ATPase inhibitors that have been employed in these studies (including bafilomycin and concanamycin), are membrane permeant, they inhibit all the V-ATPases in the cell. This is important since it is possible that intracellular V-ATPases, in addition to those present at the plasma membra
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br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Arginase
2024-01-09
Conflicts of interest Introduction Arginase catalyzes the reaction in which l-arginine is converted to l-ornithine and urea. In humans, two arginase isoenzymes have been identified, arginase 1 and arginase 2, that differ in cellular location and tissue distribution [1]. Both arginase enzymes a
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br Materials and methods br
2024-01-09
Materials and methods Results Discussion Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and chronic lung disease and its typical features include Nexturastat A proliferation, epithelial injury, chronic interstitial inflammation, increased extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and collapse of alveoli
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br Concluding remarks br Definition Prion diseases
2024-01-09
Concluding remarks Definition Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that are caused by an unconventional agent that is neither bacterial nor viral, but is in essence an infectious misfolded amyloidogenic protein, termed a prion (Prusiner, 1982). Once considered highly controvers
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The current antifungal pipeline contains
2024-01-09
The current antifungal pipeline contains several categories of compounds at different stages of development [1], [9], [10], [96]. In Table 1 we summarize the most promising antifungal molecules that are in preclinical and in clinical development. Several compounds in the pipeline are derivatives of
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Sorafenib was the first small
2024-01-09
Sorafenib was the first small RTK inhibitor drug to be developed and was initially approved against renal cell carcinoma, then against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and more recently for differentiated thyroid treatment [111]. Sunitinib soon followed, being approved for gastrointestinal stromal tum
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The current results also demonstrated
2024-01-09
The current results also demonstrated tendencies toward decreased serum Aβ40 levels and increased Aβ42 levels during the 1-year follow-up. These tendencies are consistent with the results of a previous study that evaluated Aβs in the CSF of patients with late-life depression (Pomara et al., 2016). T
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A requirement for active PKA
2024-01-09
A requirement for active PKA signaling during LTD induction was proposed in studies characterizing AKAP150 D36mice (Lu et al., 2008), but linking impaired LTD in D36 mice to PKA signaling deficits was complicated by subsequent work showing substantial increases in the number of dendritic spines and
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br Conclusion We have identified
2024-01-09
Conclusion We have identified three non-competitive inhibitors of the human and porcine APN with Ki values in the μM range, by combining virtual screening and kinetic assays. Molecular docking simulations suggest these novel inhibitors block APN activity by an alternative mechanism to Zn coordina
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Our conclusion was confirmed by two experiments The addition
2024-01-09
Our conclusion was confirmed by two experiments. The addition of aminopeptidase-specific inhibitors at high concentrations allowed us to exclude the possibility of substrate hydrolysis by other proteases present in the samples, for example, endoproteases. After the application of inhibitors, we were
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Thus we presumed that ALDH A might play an
2024-01-09
Thus, we presumed that ALDH1A3 might play an important role in TMZ-chemoresistance in glioblastoma patients. As we expected, the glioblastoma cell lines and primary glioma ldk378 receptor were more sensitive to TMZ treatment when ALDH1A3 was inhibited or depleted. Consistently, it has been shown th
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Brain damage diseases such as
2024-01-08
Brain damage diseases, such as cerebral ischemia, brain trauma and infection are characterized by the increase in oxygen free radicals. Therefore, deeper understanding of the character and mechanism of free radical damage in the brain is important to ultimately relieve diseases and promote recovery
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The syntheses of a and b are
2024-01-08
The syntheses of 27a and 27b are shown in Scheme 5. Substituted naphthalene 21c was brominated using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) to yield 25, which was subjected to lactam cyclization to form 26a and 26b, respectively. Deprotections of each Harringtonine y
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The synthesis of compounds in which the ethyl linker
2024-01-08
The synthesis of compounds in which the ethyl linker has been modified to the carbamate and urea derivatives , and is shown in . Thus the diamine was reacted with glycolic STO-609 acetate to give the alcohol followed by Mitsunobu reaction with phthalimide to give . Deprotection with hydrazine g
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Physical and chemical preservatives such as ultraviolet and
2024-01-08
Physical and chemical preservatives such as ultraviolet and ɣ-rays irradiation, sulphur and aluminium phosphide fumigation, etc, have been introduced to inhibit the growth of fungi. Nevertheless, due to the potential decomposition reactions and residues, as well as their own potential toxicity, and
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